Fluid Mechanics - Dec 2013

Mechanical Engineering (Semester 4)

TOTAL MARKS: 100
TOTAL TIME: 3 HOURS (1) Question 1 is compulsory.
(2) Attempt any four from the remaining questions.
(3) Assume data wherever required.
(4) Figures to the right indicate full marks. 1 (a) Define following and mention their units
i) Mass density ii) Dynamic viscosity iii) Surface tension iv) Bulk modulus v) Capillarity(10 marks) 1 (b) Explain effect of variation of temperature on viscosity of liquid and gases.(4 marks) 1 (c) A 15 cm diameter vertical cylinder rotates concentrically inside another cylinder of 15.10cm. Both cylinders are 25 cm high. The space between the cylinders is filled with a liquid whose viscosity is unknown. If a torque of 12 N-m is required to rotate the inner cylinder at 100rpm, determine the viscosity of the fluid.(6 marks) 2 (a) Define : i) Gauge pressure ii) Vacuum pressure iii) Absolute pressure.(3 marks) 2 (b) A hydraulic press has a ram of 30 cm diameter and a plunger of 15 cm diameter. Find the weight to be lifted by the hydraulic press. When the force applied at the plunger is 400 N.(3 marks) 2 (c) Derive an expression for total pressure and centre of pressure on an inclined plane surface submerged in liquid.(8 marks) 2 (d) A pipe line which is 4 meter in a diameter contains a gate valve. The pressure at the center of pipe is 19.6 N/cm². If the pipe is filled with oil of sp.gr 0.87, find the force exerted upon the gate and position of center of pressure.(6 marks) 3 (a) Define : i) Buoyancy, ii)Centre of buoyancy , iii) Meta centre iv) Meta centric height(4 marks) 3 (b) Explain the condition for stability of submerged and floating bodies.(4 marks) 3 (c) A cone of specific gravity S, is floating in water with its apex downwards. Its has a diameter D and vertical height H. Show that for stable equilibrium of the cone.
$$H<\frac{1}{2}\left [ \frac{D^{2}S^{}\frac{1}{3}}{2-S^{}\frac{1}{3}} \right ]^{\frac{1}{2}}$$(12 marks) 4 (a) Write assumption made while deriving Euler's equation of motion.(3 marks) 4 (b) Derive Euler's equation of motion. Also derive Bernoulli's equation.(10 marks) 4 (c) A pipe of diameter 400mm carries water at a velocity of 25 m/sec. The pressure at the points A and B are given as 29.43 N/cm² and 22.63 N/cm² respectively. While the datum head at A and B are 28m and 30m. Find the loss of head netween A and B.(7 marks) 5 (a) Explain : i) Geometric similarity ii) Kinematic similarity iii) Dynamic Similarity model and prototype.(6 marks) 5 (b) A vertical venturimeter has an area ratio 5. It has throat diameter of 10 cm. When oil of specific gravity 0.8 flows through it the mercury in the differential gauge indicates a difference in height of 12 cm. Find the discharge through venturi. Take \epsilon _{d}=0.98(6 marks) 5 (c) The functional torque T of a disc of diameter D rotating at a speed N in fluid of viscosity $$\mu$$ and density $$\rho$$ in a turbulent flow is given by
T=$$D^{5}N^{2}\rho \phi \left [ \frac{\mu }{D^{2}N\rho } \right ]$$(8 marks) 6 (a) Derive Darcy Weisbach equation for flow through pipe.(8 marks) 6 (b) What do you mean by hydraulic gradient and total energy line?(2 marks) 6 (c) A horizontal pipe line 40 m long is connected to a water tank at one end and discharges freely into the atmosphere at the other end. For first 25 m of its length from the tank, the pipe is 150 mm diameter and its diameter is suddenly enlargers to 300 mm. The height of water level in tank is 8m above the center of pipe. Considering all losses of head which occur, determine the rate of flow. Take f=0.01 for both section of pipe(10 marks) 7 (a) For a fluid flow through a pipe, show that maximum fluid velocity is twice the average velocity. Also derive Hagen Poiseuill's equation.(12 marks) 7 (b) Determine : i) Pressure gradient ii) the shear at the two horizontal parallel plates and iii) the discharge per meter width for the laminar flow of oil with a maximum velocity of 2 m/sec between two horizontal parallel fixed plates which are 100mm apart. $$\mu =2.1525 N-s/m^{2}$$(8 marks) 8 (a) Explain the terms: i) Lift ii) Drag iii) Displacement thickness iv) Momentum thickness.(8 marks) 8 (b) Define the terms sonic flow, subsonic flow and supersonic flow.(3 marks) 8 (c) A flat plate 1.5m × 1.5 m moves at 50 km/hr in stationary air of density. 1.15 kg/m³. If the co efficient of drag and lift are 0.15 and 0.75 respectively. Determine : i) lift force; ii) drag force; iii) resultant force. iv) power required to the plate in motion(9 marks)