Fluid Mechanics - Dec 2014

Mechanical Engineering (Semester 3)

TOTAL MARKS: 100
TOTAL TIME: 3 HOURS (1) Question 1 is compulsory.
(2) Attempt any four from the remaining questions.
(3) Assume data wherever required.
(4) Figures to the right indicate full marks. 1 (a) Define the following fluid properties
i) Density ii) Specific volume iii) Viscosity iv) Specific gravity(6 marks) 1 (b) Define surface tension. Prove that the relation between surface tension and pressure inside a dropper of liquid in excess of outside pressure is given by P=\frac{4\sigma }{d}(6 marks) 1 (c) The space between two flat parallel plates is filled with oil. Each side of the plate is 60 cm. The thickness of the oil film is 12.5 mm. The upper plate which moves at 2.5 m/s requires a force of 98.1 N to maintain the speed. Determine the following:
i) The dynamic viscosity of the oil in poise.
ii) The kinematic viscosity of the oil in strokes if the specific gravity of the oil is 0.95.(8 marks) 2 (a) State and prove the Pascal's law(6 marks) 2 (b) An inverted U-tube manometer is connected to two horizontal pipe A and B through which water is flowing. The vertical distance between the axes of these pipes is 30cm, when an oil of specific gravity 0.8 is used as a gauge fluid. The vertical height of water columns in the two limbs of the inverted U-tube manometer are found to be same and equal to 35 cm. Determine the difference of pressure between the pipes.(6 marks) 2 (c) A rectangular surface is 2m wide and 3m deep it lies in vertical plane in water. Determine the total pressure and position of center pressure on the plane surface when is upper edge is horizontal and i) coincides with water surface, ii)2.5 m below the free water surface.(8 marks) 3 (a) Derive the continuity equation in Cartesian coordinates.(6 marks) 3 (b) A block of wood of specific gravity 0.7 floats in water. Determine the metacentric height of the block if its size is 2m×1m×0.8m.(8 marks) 3 (c) Define the following terms
i) Meta center and meta centric height
ii)Buoyancy and centre of buoyancy(6 marks) 4 (a) Derive the Euler's equation of motion along a stream line. Also derive Bernoulli's equation from Euler's equation of motion and list the assumptions made for deriving Bernoulli's equation.(10 marks) 4 (b) A pipe line carrying oil of specific gravity 0.87 change in diameter from 200mm diameter at a position A to 500mm diameter at a position B which is 4 meters at a higher level if the pressures at A and B are 9.81 N/cm^{2>/sup> and 5.886 N/cm2 respectively and the discharge is 200liters/s determine loss of head and direction of flow.}(10 marks) 5 (a) Derive an expression for discharge through V-notch(6 marks) 5 (b) A 30cm × 15cm venturimeter is provided in a vertical pipe line carrying oil of specific gravity 0.9, the flow being upwords. The difference in elevation of the throat section and entrance section of the venturimeter is 30cm. The differential U-tube mercury manometer shows a gauge deflection of 25cm. Calculate the:
i)discharge of oil: ii) the pressure difference between the entrance section and the throat section. Take coefficient of meter as 0.98 and specific gravity of mercury as 13.6(10 marks) 5 (c) State Buckingham's \pi theorem.(4 marks) 6 (a) Derive Chezy's equation for loss of head due to friction in pipes(6 marks) 6 (b) Define the following terms:
i) Hydraulic gradient line
ii) Total energy line.(4 marks) 6 (c) A pipe line 300 mm in diameter and 3200 m long is used to pump up 50kg/s of an oil whose density is 950 kg/m³ and whose kinematic viscosity is 2.1 strokes. The centre of the pipe line at the upper end is 40m above than that at the lower end. The discharge at upper end is atmospheric. Find the pressure at the lower end and draw the hydraulic gradient line and the total energy line?(10 marks) 7 (a) Prove that the maximum velocity in a circular pipe for viscous flow is equal to two times the average velocity of the flow.(10 marks) 7 (b) An oil of specific gravity 0.7 is flowing through a pipe of diameter 300 mm at the rate of flow 500 lit/s. Find the following
i) Head lost due to friction
ii) Power required to maintain the flow.(6 marks) 7 (c) Define the following
i) Viscosity gradient
ii) Pressure gradient(4 marks) 8 (a) Define between:
i) Pressure drag and friction drag
ii) Stream body and bluff body
iii)Lift and drag(8 marks) 8 (b) Define Match number and drive the same(4 marks) 8 (c) A flat plate 1.5m×1.5m moves at 50km/hr in stationary air of density 1.15 kh/m³. If the coefficient of drag and lift are 0.15 and 0.75 respectively. Determine
i) The lift force
ii) The drag force
iii)The resultant force
iv) Power required to keep the plate in motion.(8 marks)