Solution:

Ethernet is the traditional technology for connecting devices in a wired local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN). It enables devices to communicate with each other via a protocol, which is a set of rules or common network language.

Since Ethernet is so prevalent in the office and frequently used as the enterprise network for high-end controllers, it would seem to be natural to use Ethernet at the control level or even at the device level as proposed by some in our industry.

There are three types of Ethernet cabling:

(1) Coaxial cabling.

(2) Twisted-pair cabling.

(3) Fiber-optic cabling.

(1) Coaxial cabling:

A coaxial cable has an inner conductor that runs down the middle of the cable.

The conductor is surrounded by a layer of insulation which is then surrounded by another conducting shield, which makes this type of cabling resistant to outside interference.

Coaxial cable is commonly used by cable operators, telephone companies, and internet providers worldwide to convey data, video, and voice communications to customers. It has also been used extensively within homes.

Coaxial cable has been around for a long time as a technology and has many singular advantages for reliable, accurate transmission.

(2) Twisted-pair cabling:

Twisted-pair cable is a type of cabling that is used for telephone communications and most modern Ethernet networks. A pair of wires forms a circuit that can transmit data.

The pairs are twisted to protect against crosstalk, the noise generated by adjacent pairs.

To understand twisted pair cable, you must go back to the days of the telegraph. With a telegraph, you have a pair of wires that go from point to point in what seems like a very simple system today.

Back in its day, it was futuristic, though. The telegraph was real leading-edge stuff.

They also cancel out any outside magnetic fields. Twisting the wires can enhance this cancellation effect.

Using cancellation together with twisting the wires, cable designers can effectively provide self-shielding for wire pairs within the network media.

(3) Fibber-optic cabling:

Optical fibers are widely used in Fiber-optic communications, which permits transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths (data rates) than other forms of communication.

Fibbers is used instead of metal wires because signals travel along them with less loss and are also immune to electromagnetic interference.

Fibber Optic Cable consists of four parts:

Core:

The core of a fibber cable is a cylinder of plastic that runs all along the fiber cable’s length and offers protection by cladding.

The diameter of the core depends on the application used. Due to internal reflection, the light traveling within the core reflects from the core, the cladding boundary.

Cladding:

Cladding is an outer optical material that protects the core. The main function of the cladding is that it reflects the light into the core.

When light enters through the core (dense material) into the cladding (less dense material), it changes its angle, and then reflects the core.

Buffer:

The main function of the buffer is to protect the fiber from damage and thousands of optical fibers are arranged in hundreds of optical cables.

Jacket:

Fibber optic cable jackets are available in different colors that can easily make us recognize the exact color of the cable we are dealing with.

Yellow signifies a single-mode cable, and orange color indicates a multimode.