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Differentiate between radiated Common-Mode Coupling and Differential-Mode Coupling
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Common Mode Coupling Differential Mode Coupling
It is defined as the unwanted electrical potential difference between any current carrying conductor and the reference ground. It is defined as the unwanted potential difference between two current carrying conductor.
This type of EMI coupling occurs when the noise appears in the same phase on the two conductors, e.g. +ve and -ve for power cables. This occurs when the noise is out of phase on the two conductors.
It is defined as Vc = (VPG + VNG)/2 It is defined as Vd = (VPG - VNG)/2
A common-mode EMI signal appears on the two signal lines simultaneously in the same direction and phase. Differential-mode interference is a signal that appears on two lines of a closed loop but current flow is in opposite directions.
The solution to prevent this coupling is a common-mode choke, produces equal and opposite magnetic fields that cancel one another. A capacitor from each line to ground is also used. The solution to prevent this coupling is an inductor in series with the high side (and/or low side) of the line and a shunt capacitor across the lines.
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