Solution:

The Microcontroller:-

• A microcontroller is different than a PLD. The internal circuits of a microcontroller are fixed, and a program (series of instructions) directs the microcontroller operation in order to achieve a specific outcome.

• The internal circuitry of a PLD is programmed into it, and once programmed, the circuitry performs required operations.

• Thus, a program determines microcontroller operation, but in a PLD a program determines the logic function. Microcontrollers are generally programmed with either the C language or the BASIC language.

• A microcontroller is basically a special-purpose small computer. Microcontrollers are generally used for embedded system applications.

  

• An embedded system is a system that is designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions within a larger system. By contrast, a general-purpose computer, such as a laptop, is designed to perform a wide range of functions and applications.

• Embedded microcontrollers are used in many common applications. The embedded microcontroller is part of a complete system, which may include additional electronics and mechanical parts.

• For example, a microcontroller in a television set displays the input from the remote unit on the screen and controls the channel selection, audio, and various menu adjustments like brightness and contrast.

• In an automobile a microcontroller takes engine sensor inputs and controls spark timing and fuel mixture. Other applications include home appliances, thermostats, cell phones, and toys.