The block diagram of a general Data Acquisition System (DAS) is shown in the figure below.

It consists of the following elements.

1. Transducer

A transducer is used to convert the physical parameters corning from the field into

Electrical signals or it is used to measure directly the electrical quantities such as resistance,Voltage, frequency, etc.

2. Signal Conditioner

Usually the output signals of the transducer will be of very low level (weak) signals

which cannot be used for further processing. In order to make the signals strong enough to drivethe other elements signal conditioners such as amplifiers, modifiers, filters etc., are used.

3. Multiplexer

The function of the multiplexer is to accept multiple analog inputs (after signal

Conditioning) and provide a single output sequentially according to the requirements.

4. A/D Converter

The analog-to-digital (A/D) converter is generally used to convert the analog data to digital form. The digital data is used for the purpose of easy processing, transmission,digital display and storage.Processing involves various operations on data such as comparison, mathematical manipulations, data is collected, converted into useful form and utilized for various purposes like for control operation and display etc. The transmission of data in digital form is possible over short distances as well as long distancesof and has advantages over transmission in analog form. The data can be stored permanently ortemporarily and can be displayed on a CRT or digital panel.

5. Recorders and Display Devices

In display devices the data is displayed in a suitable form in order tomonitor the input signals. Examples of display devices are oscilloscopes, numerical displays,panel meters, etc. In order to have either a temporary or permanent record of the useful data recorders are used. The analog data can be recorded either graphically or on a magnetic tape. Opticalrecorders, ultraviolet recorders, styles-and-ink recorders are some of its examples. The digital data can be recorded through digital recorders. The digital data is firstconverted into a suitable form for recording by means of a coupling unit and then recorded on amagnetic tape, punched cards or a perforated paper tape.