An earthquake is a series of vibrations on the earth’s surface caused by the generation of elastic (seismic) waves due to sudden rupture within the earth during release of accumulated strain energy.

Techniques for Earthquake Management:

1. Earthquake-Resistant Design And Construction Of New Structures:

New structures should follow buildings codes and other regulations which make it mandatory that all structures in earthquake-prone areas in the country must be built in accordance with must be built in accordance to earthquakeresistant construction techniques.

1. Seismic Strengthening And Retrofitting Of  Lifeline And Priority Structures:

It may not be practically feasible or financially viable to retrofit all the existing buildings and so it is recommended that the structural safety audit and retrofitting of select critical lifelines structures and high priority buildings be done.

1. Regulation and Enforcement:

A periodic revision of the codes and standards relating to earthquake-resistant construction must be undertaken within a fixed time-frame of five years or earlier on priority basis.

1. Awareness And Preparedness:

A comprehensive awareness campaign must be developed and implemented on the safe practices to be followed before, during and after an earthquake.

1. Capacity Development:

Education and training programmes must be designed, with greater attention on developing the capacity and skills of trainers and trained teachers for disaster management.

1. Immediate Safety:

During an earthquake the safest place to be would be in an open ground – away from all kinds of buildings and tall structures. If you cannot rush out of your building, you can duck under some sturdy desk etc. which might provide protection against heavy objects falling on your body. If even that is not possible, sit against a wall, with your back pushing the wall firmly, and, lean forward – to take your head in between both your knees, and, put your hands at the back of your head – to provide protection to your head and spine.