i) Input:

• It is plotted by keeping $V_{CE}$ constant.

• As $I_{B}$ increases, $V_{BE}$ increases

-At higher values of $V_{CE}$, this rate of increas reduces.

• The increase of the slope at a point gives dynamic resistance.

(ii) Output:

• It is plotte by keeping $I_B$ constant

• Cut-off region: $I_B$ is zero. All the current that flows is due to minority carriers.

• Active region: For non-zero values of $I_B$, the $I_C$ increases with $V_{CE}$.

• Saturation Region: In this region there is a large change in $I_C$ with small changes in $V_{CE}$