Ripple factor:

• Ripple factor is a mesure of ripples present in the output of a rectifier. It is defined as the ratio of RMS value of the AC component in the output to the DC component present in the output.

Requirement of a rectifier in terms of ripple factor:-

• For a rectifier the ripple factor must be as low as possible. Full Ware rectifier has less ripple factor than Halfwave rectifier. So for rectification is more efficient than Halfwave rectifier. Ripple factor can also be reduced by adding filter circuits after rectifier.

Filter:-

• Filter circuits are used to rmove unwanted ac components from the output of the rectifier circuits. Depending upon the components used in the filter circuits the filter circuits are classified into different types. Commonly used filter circuits are

1. Capcitor filter (C filter)
2. Inductor filter(L filter)
3. Inductor-capacitor filter(LC filter)
4. Capacitor-Inductor-capacitor filter($\pi$ filter)