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Estimate the ratio of vacancies at (i) -119°C (ii) 80°C where average required to create vacancy is 1.8eV.
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For Point defect (vacancy), we have the following relation

n=N×exp(EvKT)

 nN=eEvKT Using  K=1.38×1023 JK        Ev=1.8×1.6×1019 1) For t1=119 C=119+273=154 K  nN=e(1.8×1.6×1019)1.38×1023×154=e153.51=1.4084×1059 **.............(Answer)** **2) For t2=80 C=80+273=353 K**  nN=e(1.8×1.6×1019)1.38×1023×353=e59.12=2.11×1026

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