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Write composition of portland cement.
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Portland cement is manufactured from:

  1. Calcareous materials, CaO (such as limestone, chalk, marl)
  2. Argillaceous materials, Al2O3 & SiO2 (such as clay, shale, slate)
  3. Powdered coal or fuel oil
  4. Gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O)

The average composition of the final product is as follows:

Component Percentage range by mass
Lime (CaO) 60-69
Silica (SiO2) 17-25
Alumina (Al2O3) 3-8
Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) 2-4
Magnesium Oxide (MgO) 1-5
Sulphur trioxide (SO3) 1-3
Alkali Oxides (Na2O + K2O) 0.3-1.5
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