Solution:

1) Blowholes:

Causess:

Excessive moisture in the sand, or when permeability of sand is low, sand grains are too fine, sand is rammed too hard, or when venting is insufficient.

Remedy:

To prevent blowholes, the moisture content in sand must be well adjusted, sand of proper grain size should be used, ramming should not be too hard and venting should be adequate.

2)Misrun:

Causes:

1. Lack of fluidity ill molten metal.

2. Faulty design.

3. Faulty gating

Remedies :

1.Adjust proper pouring temperature

1. Modify design

2. Modify gating system