Overhead valve mechanism: Figure shows the valve mechanism to operate the valve when it is in the cylinder head (in I and F head design). This type of mechanism requires two additional moving parts the push rod and rocker arm. As the cam rotates, it lifts the valve- tappet or the lifter which actuates the push rod. The push rod rotates the rocker arm about a shaft- the rocker –arm shaft, or a ball joint in some designs to cause one end to push down on the valve stem to open the valve, thus connecting the valve port with the combustion chamber.