Hierarchical Cellular Structure in UMTS

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teamques10 ★ 68k

In UMTS, to enable world wide coverage and roaming, coverage area is divided hierarchically into layers as illustrated in Figure 7.
The higher layers cover bigger area than the lower layers.
The highest layer achieves worldwide coverage by using satellites.
The lower layers are the macro layer, micro layer, and pico layer. They constitute the UTRAN.
Each layer consists of several cells. The lower the layer the smaller the cells.
Thus, the macro layer is responsible for nationwide coverage with macro cells.
Micro layer has microcells which are used for additional coverage in the urban environment.
Pico layer forms picocell. They are employed in buildings or “hotspots” such as airports or train stations.

Figure 7: Different environments in UMTS

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