A typical water treatment plant consists of the following components :

1. Intake Well, Jack Well and a Pump House : The raw water is admitted from the source in these wells through inlet openings fitted with coarse screen to exclude floating matter.

2. Screen Chambers : Raw water brought through rising main is admitted in screen chamber provided with bar screens and/or fine screen to exclude remaining floating matter.

3. Aerators : Through aerators the water is exposed to atmospheric air to eliminate gases like $H_2$S, C$O^2$ and mineral matters like Fe, Mn.

4. Coagulant Tank : Here the desired coagulant is added in the water.

5. Flash Mixer : Water containing coagulant is intimately mixed in this unit.

6. Clariflocculator : This is a combined unit doing the operations of flocculation and also sedimentation (often called as clarification). Water from flash mixer is admitted in the flocculation zone where with the help of moving paddles, suspended particles come together (agglomerate) and form compact settleable mass called floc. The water containing this floc moves to a portion of unit where sedimentation of the floc occurs.

7. Filter Beds : These are in the form of tanks rectangular in shape. Number of such beds often called as battery of filters are provided in the big building. This building is called as filter house. Very fine particles and colloidal matter which have refused to settle earlier are removed through filtration.

8. Chlorination or Disinfection Unti : Here generally chlorine is applied to filtered water to completely destroy the micro-organism escaped through filtration. This confirms the purity of water. This is the last unit of water treatment.

9. Pumping: Elevated Service Reservoir (ESR) : Pure water is admitted in a protected clear water tank. This water is then pumped and fed to ESR through a rising main.

10. Distribution System : The treated water from this overhead reservoir is fed into distribution system for consumption.