Multiprocessor is a computer system in which two or more central processing units (CPUs) exists, each CPU sharing the common main memory (RAM) as well as the peripherals. Due to this, the simultaneous processing of programs is possible.
Nowadays, the computer industry is moving from uni-processors to various kinds of multiprocessors, for both desktop and embedded systems. Instead of traditional Single Multiprocessing systems, many manufacturers are now come up with chip multiprocessors or simultaneous multi-threaded CPUs which allow more efficient use of chip area. The multiprocessors system requires support from operating systems and applications to take advantage of the hardware. By using multiprocessor, we can improve computing speeds, performance, and cost-effectiveness, as well as to provide enhanced availability and reliability.
The basic organization of the multiprocessor system is given below.
Fig. Basic Organisation of Multiprocessing System
In a multiprocessing system, symmetric multiprocessing model is used. Each processor runs the same copy of the operating system, and these copies communicate with each other. Each processor is assigned a specific task in this system. There is also a concept of a master processor whose task is to controls the system. This scheme refers to as a master-slave relationship. This system is economically beneficial as compare to single processor systems because the processors can share peripherals, power supplies, and other devices.
The main advantage of a multiprocessor system is to get more work done in the shortest period. It also provides reliability in case of one processor fails. In this situation, the system with multiprocessor will not stop the whole system; but slow it down.
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