Design for Energy Efficiency: Energy requirements of chemical process should be recognized for their environmental and economic impacts.

In any chemical synthesis the requirement of energy should be kept to a minimum. The reaction in which the reaction mixture has to be heated to reflux for completing the reaction, the time required for completion of reaction should be minimum, so that less amount of energy is required. Even the use of a catalyst lowers the requirement of energy of a reaction.If the final product obtained is impure, purification is carried out by distillation, recrystallisation or ultrafiltration. As it requires energy, the process should be designed in such a way that there is no need for separation or purification. The recently found substitutes are microwave radiations and ultrasound. Thus, energy efficiency can be increased by proper heat transfer and minimum wastage of energy during the process.