Root of defects:

i. Miscommunication of requirements introduces error in code.

ii. Lack of design Experience.

iii. Lack of coding practice.

iv. Unrealistic time schedule for development.

v. Multiple changes in the requirements.

Effects of defects

i. A defect is an error in coding or logic that causes a program to fail or to produce incorrect /unexpected results.

ii. It is commonly refers to troubles with the software products, with its external behavior or with its internal features.

iii. Increased complexity of software.

iv. Programming Errors.