ELEMENTS OF AIRPORT LIGHTING

1) Apron and hangar lighting

2) Approach lighting

3) Runway lighting

4) Taxiway lighting

1) APRON AND HANGAR LIGHTING

• These are areas flood lit for convenience in servicing and loading
• Constitutes a projector designed to illuminate a surface mounted in such a way that they do not cause glare in the eyes of pilots, passengers and service persons
• flood lights should be placed ata height not less than 12m above the pavement

APPROACH LIGHTING

• A sequence of high intensity of lighting arrangement, before runway begins
• Helps the pilot to check if the aircraft is centered correctly or not
  • Systems for providing these are
    • Culvert system
    • ICAO system

CULVERT SYSTEM

• Lights are provided before the starting of runway
• High frequency lighting arrangement foralength of 900m
• Lights are mounted on pedestals of varying height
• Provided at 30m interval
• There are 6 transverse rows of light of variable length being placed atacentre to centre distance of 150m

ICAO SYSTEM

• Also called as the centre line configuration system
• One cross bar is provided at 300m from threshold
• Roll guidance is provided by bars of 4.2m in length and are placed at 30m centre to centre on the extended centreline
• These bars consist of5closely spaced lights to give the effect of continuous bar of light

3) RUNWAY LIGHTING Runway centerline lighting

• Semiflush type and are spaced at 15m interval and are 60cm from the runway centerline
• This will avoid nose gear of aircraft from riding over
• White in color except for the last 900m
• Red for final 300m
• For remaining 600m lights are alternatively red and white

Touchdown zone lighting - There is a black hole effect after passing the high intensity approach and threshold lights

• To eliminate this black hole effect flush mounted transverse pavement bars are provided
• Provided for the first 900m and are placed symmetrically to the centerline of runway

Runway edge lighting

• Provides the locational information during landing and take off and landing
• White in color except for the last 600m of an instrument runway
• The bidirectional yellow or white lights are provided with yellow light facing the departing pilot
• Located atadistance not more than 3m from the edge
• Maximum spacing of 60m

Runway threshold lighting

• consist of a line of green lights
• Extends across the width of runway in the direction of landing
• They are red in opposite direction to indicate the end of

4)TAXIWAY LIGHTING Taxiway centerline lighting

• Located on the taxiway centerline marking
• If not possible to locate them on centreline, they are offset by not more than 30cm
• Spaced atalongitudinal interval of not more than 30m

Taxiway edge tighting

• Provided on the holding bay, apron and on the taxiway
• Placed atalongitudinal interval of not more than 60m on the straight section of taxiway and on the runway forming part
• Blue in color

AIRPORT MARKING SYSTEM

Airport markings are divided into following6groups:

1. Apron marking

2. Landing direction indicator

3. Runway marking

4. Shoulder marking

5. Taxiway marking

6. Wind direction Indicator

7. APRON MARKING

• Apron is provided with certain guide line which help the pilot in manoeuvring the aircraft on apron.
• Smaller aircrafts can also use the same path.
• The guide line indicate the path of nose gear of aircraft.
• There are chances of fuel spillage, hence the yellow paint is to be of special fuel resistant variety.

2.LANDING DIRECTION INDICATOR/ wind cone

• It indicate to the pilot the active runway of airport.
• To indicate the landing direction, an arrow orTis placed.
• It is painted with orange or white colour for being spotted during day time and lighted during night time.
• It is fixed atadistant place.

3.RUNWAY MARKING

• Centre line marking-90cm width

• Runway edge marking -90cm

  • runway pvmt width>45m

• Runway Numbering

• Touchdown or Landing zone

• Threshold marking-3.6 m wide

4.Taxiway marking

• centre line 15 cm wide yellow color continuous line
• Holding line- at all the intersections of the paved taxiways with the runways

5.Wind direction indicator

• The direction from which the wind blows is indicated at the airport byawind cone.

• It is placed withinasegmented circle together with the landing direction indicator.