a) CMPSB

b) DIV AX

c) LOOPE again

d) REP SCASB

e) XLATB

Mumbai University > Electronics and Telecommunication > Sem 4 > Microprocessor and peripherals

• CMPSB-

  Mnemonic: CMPSB (compare string byte)

  Algorithm:

  DS: [SI] – ES: [DI]

  Set flags according to result → OF, SF, ZF, AF, PF, CF

  If DF = 0 then

  SI = SI + 1

  DI = DI + 1 else

  SI = SI – 1

  DI = DI – 1

  Operation:

  • This instruction is used to compare a byte in one string with a byte in another string.
  • SI is used to hold the offset of a byte in the source string and DI is used to hold the offset of byte in another string.
  • Comparison is done by subtracting the byte pointed by DI from byte pointed by SI.
  • After comparison SI and DI will be automatically incremented or decremented according to direction flag to point to next element in the string.

• DIV AX:-

  Mnemonic: DIV AX

  Algorithm: AX = (DX: AX)/operand (Quotient)

  DX = remainder (Modulus)

  Operation:

  DIV AX

  • If the divisor is 16 bit then the dividend is in DX-AX registers.
  • After division, the quotient is in AX and the remainder in DX.

• LOOPE again:-

  Mnemonic: Loop while CX ≠ 0 and ZF = 1

  LOOPE again

  Algorithm: CX = CX – 1

  If CX ≠ 0 and ZF = 1 then jump else no jump

  Operation:

  • This instruction is used to repeat a group of instructions some number of times or until zero flag becomes zero.
  • Number of times of repetition is loaded in CX.

• REP:-

  Mnemonic: REP

  Operation:

  • This is an instruction prefix which can be used in string instructions.
  • It can be used with string instructions only.
  • It causes the instruction to be repeated CX number of times.
  • After each execution, the SI and DI registers are incremented/decremented based on the DF (Direction Flag) in the flag register and CX is decremented i.e. DF = 1; SI, DI decrements.
  • Thus, it is important that before we use the REP instruction prefix the following steps must be carried out.
  • CX must be initialized to the count value. If auto decrementing is required, DF must be set using STD instruction else cleared using CLD instruction. E.g. MOV CX, 0023H CLD REP MOVSB

  The above section of a program will cause the following string operation

  ES: [DI] ← DS: [SI]

  SI ← SI + I

  DI ← DI + I

  CX ← CX – 1

  to be executed 23H times (as CX = 23H) in auto incrementing mode (as DF is cleared).

• SCASB:-

  Mnemonic: SCASB (for byte operation)

  Algorithm: For SCASB

  AL – ES: [DI]

  Set flags according to result

  If DF = 0 then DI = DI + 1

  Operation:

  • It is used to compare the contents of AL with a byte in the extra segment.
  • The offset of the byte in extra segment is in DI.
  • DI is incremented/decremented depending upon the direction flag (DF).
  • Comparison is done by subtracting a byte from extra segment from AL. The flag bits are affected but the result is not stored anywhere.

• XLATB:-

  Mnemonic: XLATB (B indicates byte operation)

  Algorithm: AL = DS: [BX + unsigned AL]

  Operation:

  AL ← DS: [BX + AL]

  • This instruction replaces a byte in AL register with a byte from a look up table in the memory i.e. it copies the value of memory byte at location DS: [BX + unsigned AL] to the AL register.
  • Here the contents of AL before execution act as index to the desired location in lookup table.
  • This instruction is used to translate a byte from one code to another code.