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Draw GSM architecture and explain function of HLR and VLR.
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Home loction registers (HLR):

  • Permanent database about mobile subscribers in a large service area (generally one per GSM network operator)
  • Database contains subscriber and location information
    • Database contains IMSI (international mobile subscriber identity), prepaid/postpaid, roaming restrictions, supplementary services
  • Each subscriber assigned IMSI to identify home user

Visitor LOcation REgisters (VLR):

  • Temporary databse which slres IMSI and custormer information for each roaming subscriber visitying the coverage area of particular MSC
  • It updates whenever new MS enters its area, by HLR database.
  • It controls the mobiles roaming in its area
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