Explain CMOS inverter characteristics mentioning all regions of operations

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Explain CMOS inverter characteristics mentioning all regions of operations

written 6.2 years ago by

hetalgosavi • 1.7k

modified 2.9 years ago by

mkv030481 • 30

vlsi design

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written 6.0 years ago by

hetalgosavi • 1.7k

CMOS inverter configuration is called Complementary MOS (CMOS). The circuit topology is complementary push-pull.
That is for high input, the nMOS transistor drives (pulls down) the output node while the pMOS transistor acts as the load, and for low input the pMOS transistor drives (pulls up) the output node while the nMOS transistor acts as the load.

From the diagram,
VGS,n = Vin and VDS,n = Vout
VGS,p = Vin – VDD and VDS,p = Vout – VDD
The current equations are given as-
The voltage conditions are given as follows. For this examine the operating modes of nMOS and pMOS as function of input and output voltage.

A typical CMOS inverter voltage transfer characteristic with different operating regions is as shown below.

Region	Vin	Vout	nMOS	pMOS
A	Vin < VT0,n	VOH	Cutoff	Linear
B	VIL	High ≈ VOH	Saturation	Linear
C	Vth	Vth	Saturation	Saturation
D	VIH	Low ≈ VOL	Linear	Saturation
E	greater than (VDD + VT0,p)	VOL	Linear	Cutoff

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