$d_{2}=0.3m, d_{1}=0.6m, p_{1}=171.675 kN/m^{2}$

Magnitude and direction of force extend on bend

i) Case 1) When no flow i.e Q=o

Consider section 1-1 at inclet and section 2-2 at exit

$V_{1}=V_{2}$=0

$A_{1}=\frac{\pi}{4}\times d_{1}^{2}=\frac{\pi}{4}\times (0.6)^{2}=0.2827m^{2}$

$A_{2}=\frac{\pi}{4}\times d_{2}^{2}=\frac{\pi}{4}\times (0.3)^{2}=0.0707 m^{2}$

By Bernoullis equation

$\frac{P_{1}}{y}+\frac{V_{1}^{2}}{2g}=\frac{p_{2}}{y}+\frac{V_{2}^{2}}{2g}$

$\frac{171.675}{981}=\frac{P_{2}}{9.81}=P_{2}=171.675 kN/M^{2}$

Force exerted by bend x-direction

$P_{1}A_{1}-P_{2}A_{2}cose\theta+Fx=PQ(V_{2}cos\theta …