We will now add one more feature to our goal-based agent, to make it even more adaptive.

In the more sophisticated agents, a utility measure is applied to the different possible actions that can be performed in the environment. This sophisticated planner is a utility-based agent.

Utility function is used to map a state to measure of utility of that state.

The utility-based agent will rate each scenario to see how well it achieves certain criteria with regard to the production of a good outcome.

Things like the probability of success, the resources needed to execute the scenario, the importance of the goal to be achieved, the time it will take, might all be factored in to the utility function calculations.