i) The Degree of saturation:-

It is defines as the ratio of water to the volume of voids present in a soil mass.

$\frac{Vw}{Vv}$

$\frac{Vw}{Vv}\times 100$

ii)Specific Gravity:- It is defined as ratio of unit weight of soil solids to the unit weight of water

G or Gs $\frac{unit \ wt \ of \ solids}{unit \ wt \ of \ water} = \frac{\gamma s}{\gamma w }$

$\frac{\gamma s}{\gamma w}$=$\frac{g.\gamma s}{g. \gamma w}$= $\frac{\int s}{\int w}$

iii) Air Content: It is define as the ratio of volume of the air to the volume of voids present in a given soil mass. $\frac{Volume \ of \ air}{Volume \ of \ voids}$ = $\frac{Va}{Vv}$

iv) Absolute specific gravity:- (Mass specific Gravity)(Ga/Gm)

It is defined as the ratio of Bulk unit weight of soil mass to the unit weight of water

$Ga/Gm =\frac{\gamma}{\gamma w}$ = $\frac{\int}{\int w}$

v)Void Ratio:-

It id defined as the ratio of the volume of voids to the volume of solids in a given soil mass.

$e=\frac{volume \ of \ voids }{volume \ of \ solids}$ = $\frac{Vv}{Vs}$