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What is hardness? Distinguish between temporary and permanent hardness
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Hardness can be defined as "the soap consuming capacity of water simple" OR it prevents the lathering of soap.

eg. 2c17H35COONa+CaCl2Ca[C17H35COO]2+2NaCl

Sodium stearate Hardness Calcium stearate

Soluble soap Insoluble soap

ie. Long chain fatty acids.

2c15COOk+CaCl2Ca[C17H35COO]2+2KCl

Potasiumlinolate     Hardness     Calciumlinolate

Soluble soap

ie. Long chain fatty acids.

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