Upward Communication: Upward communication is the line of communication through which subordinates can convey information, to their seniors. Upward communication is the process by which lower-level company employees can directly communicate with upper management to provide feedback, complaints or suggestions regarding the day-to-day operations of the company.

Upward communication is very vital and crucial source of information for the upper management to make their business decisions. It assists them to alert the senior most management regarding the changes required in the organization. Managers can gain feedback from employees that can aid in enhancing the development of organization. Employees who are motivated and urged to provide feedback feel a sense of belonging and respect that their opinion matters.

Upward communication is participative because it encourages lower-level employees to voice their opinions.

Advantages of Upward Communication:

• Increases mutual trust.
• Improves workplace procedures.
• Helps managers identify areas for self-improvement.
• Makes employees feel valued.
• Creates an inclusive environment within an organization.

Downward Communication: Downward communication is the formal chain of command established to direct subordinates and convey information, pertaining to organization's objectives, policies and strategies.

In this type of communication, formal messages are conveyed to the employees via a chain of command. Downward communication is basically the opposite of upward communication. It is the process of sending a message from the top level management to the employees. These messages are authoritative and normally contain information concerning procedures, policies and vital notices that are important to the organization.

Downward communication follows the hierarchy of organization, which means member compliance and organizational discipline is easier to preserve. It also provides proficiency as the information and instructions come from the upper management who are in power that can manage activities in organization.

In other words, messages and orders start at the upper levels of the organizational hierarchy and move down toward the bottom levels. Responses to downward communications move up along the same path

Advantages of Downward Communication:

• Organizational discipline.
• Efficiency.
• Effective communication of goals.
• Ease of delegation.