Microcontroller : -

A microcontroller is a small, low-cost, and self-contained computer-on-a-chip that can be used as an embedded system. A few microcontrollers may utilize four-bit expressions and work at clock rate frequencies, which usually include:

• An 8 or 16-bit microprocessor.

• A little measure of RAM.

• Programmable ROM and flash memory.

• Parallel and serial I/O.

• Timers and signal generators.

• Analog to Digital and Digital to Analog conversion

Microcontrollers usually must have low-power requirements since many devices they control are battery-operated. Microcontrollers are used in many consumer electronics, car engines, computer peripherals, and test or measurement equipment. And these are well suited for long-lasting battery applications. The dominant part of microcontrollers being used nowadays is implanted in other apparatus.

Advantages of Microcontrollers Types : -

The advantages of microcontrollers types include the following -

• Dependable
• Reusable
• Energy-efficient
• Cost-effective
• Reusable
• It requires less time to operate
• These are flexible & very small
• Because of their high integration, its size & cost of the system can be decreased.
• Interfacing of the microcontroller is easy with additional ROM, RAM & I/O ports.
• Many tasks can be performed, so the human effect can be reduced.
• It is simple to use, troubleshooting & maintaining the system is simple.
• It works like a microcomputer without any digital parts

Disadvantages of Microcontrollers Types : -

The disadvantages of the microcontrollers types include the following.

• Programming Complexity
• Electrostatic Sensitivity
• Interfacing with high-power devices cannot possible.
• Its structure is more complex as compared with microprocessors.
• Generally, it is used in microdevices
• It simply performs incomplete no. of executions simultaneously.
• It is generally used in micro equipment
• It has a more complex structure as compared to a microprocessor
• The microcontroller cannot interface a higher power device directly
• It only performed a limited number of executions simultaneously

Applications of Microcontrollers Types :-

Microcontrollers are mainly used for embedded devices, in contrast to the microprocessors which are utilized in personal computers otherwise other devices. These are mainly used in different appliances like implantable medical devices, power tools, engine control systems in automobiles, machines used in offices, appliances controlled through remote, toys, etc.

The main applications of microcontrollers types include the following.

• Automobiles
• Hand-held metering systems
• Mobile Phones
• Computer Systems
• Security Alarms
• Appliances
• Current meter
• Cameras
• Micro Oven
• Measurement Instruments
• Devices for process control
• Used in metering & measurement devices, voltmeter, measuring rotating objects
• Controlling Devices
• Industrial instrumentation devices
• Instrumentation devices in Industries
• Light Sensing
• Safety devices
• Process control devices
• Controlling devices