Scope of Traffic engineering

• Traffic characteristics

• Traffic studies

• Traffic operation

• Planning

• Geometric

Traffic chracterstics Physical, Mental, Psychological, Environmental

Physical : The physical characterstics of the road uses may be either permanant or temporary. The permanat characterstics are the vision, hearing, strength and the genral reaction to traffic situation.

Traffic studies : it measure to quantity the traffic flow. Traffic volume or traffic flow is expressed as the number of vehicles that pass across a given transverse line of road during unit time.

Planning : Long term development plans are to be prepared for a country as a whole or for a region of the country. Land use planning , transportation needs and road net-work planning are closely interlinked.

Object :

1 Redesign existing transportation systems to accommodate more traffic

2 Consider developing systems to enable pedestrian movement

3 Simulate traffic in an intersection to make sure that traffic movement is smooth.

The traffic engineering studies carried out for collecting traffic data are also called traffic surveys. Traffic engineering studies are carried out to analyse the traffic characterstics and their movements along the identified roads.

The different traffic engineering studies generally carried out are

1. Traffic volume studies

2. Speed spot studies

3. Speed and delay studies

4. Origin and Destination ( O & D ) studies

5. Parking studies

Traffic volume studies: The intersection volume count consists of counting the number of vehicles entering from each approach leg of the intersection at a fixed time intervals of say 5,10,15 minutes. The traffic flow diagram showing the total number of vehicles entering an intersection and the details of turning movement are presented in fig

Speed spot studies : One of the earliest methods for determining spot speed of a vehicle is by finding the time taken to cover a short distance of say 15 or 30 m. The selected distance may be marked on the pavement surface and the time taken ( t sec ) for a vehicle to tranverse this distance may be measured either manually using a timer from an elevated locations or recoded automatically using set of appropriate sensors.

Speed and delay studies : The speed and delay studies gives the partiiculars of running speeds or the fluctuations in speeds, the locations and duration delays or stoppages and the overall travel speed between two desired locations along a road. They also give the information such as the type of delay, location , causes, duration and frequency of such delays

Origin and Destination studies : Origin and destination studies give information on the actual location or zone of origin of travel of vehicles or individual passenger trips and their destination, these studies provide details such as direction of travel, selection of routes, trip length and the frequency of such trip. The study area may cover the entire country or a selected region within the country or state or within a city.

The traffic engineering studies carried out for collecting traffic data are also called traffic surveys. Traffic engineering studies are carried out to analyse the traffic characterstics and their movements along the identified roads. The different traffic engineering studies generally carried out are 1. Traffic volume studies 2. Speed spot studies 3. Speed and delay studies 4. Origin and Destination ( O & D ) studies 5. Parking studies Traffic volume studies: The intersection volume count consists of counting the number of vehicles entering from each approach leg of the intersection at a fixed time intervals of say 5,10,15 minutes. The traffic flow diagram showing the total number of vehicles entering an intersection and the details of turning movement are presented in fig

Speed spot studies : One of the earliest methods for determining spot speed of a vehicle is by finding the time taken to cover a short distance of say 15 or 30 m. The selected distance may be marked on the pavement surface and the time taken ( t sec ) for a vehicle to tranverse this distance may be measured either manually using a timer from an elevated locations or recoded automatically using set of appropriate sensors. Speed and delay studies : The speed and delay studies gives the partiiculars of running speeds or the fluctuations in speeds, the locations and duration delays or stoppages and the overall travel speed between two desired locations along a road. They also give the information such as the type of delay, location , causes, duration and frequency of such delays Origin and Destination studies : Origin and destination studies give information on the actual location or zone of origin of travel of vehicles or individual passenger trips and their destination, these studies provide details such as direction of travel, selection of routes, trip length and the frequency of such trip. The study area may cover the entire country or a selected region within the country or state or within a city.