Subject: Operating System

Topic: Overview of Operating System

Difficulty: Medium

Microkernel architecture:

Assigns only a few essential functions to the kernel, including address spaces, interprocess communication, and basic scheduling.

Multithreading:

Multithreading is the ability of a program or an operating system process to manage its use by more than one user at a time and to even manage multiple requests by the same user without having to have multiple copies of the programming running in the computer. The process is divided into threads that can run simultaneously.

Thread:

Thread is dispatch able unit of work. It includes a processor context program counter and stack pointer and its own data storage for the stack. It executes sequentially and is interruptible.

Process:

Collection of one or more threads and associated system resources are known as processes.A process is defined as an entity which represents the basic unit of work to be implemented in the system.

Symmetric multiprocessing:

Standalone computer with multiple processors that share the same memory and I/O facilities connected by a communication bus.All processors can perform the same functions.

Distributed operating systems:

Provide the illusion of a single main memory and single secondary memory space. It is also used for distributed file system.

Object-oriented design:

It is used for adding modular extensions to a small kernel. It also enables programmers to customize an operating system without disrupting system integrity.