Introduction
The importance of metrology as a scientific discipline gained momentum during
the industrial revolution.
Metrology is practiced almost every day, often unknowingly, in our day-to-day
tasks. Metrology concerns itself with the study of measurements.
In addition, metrology is also concerned with the reproduction, conservation,
and transfer of units of measurements and their standards. Measurements
provide a basis for judgements about process information, quality assurance,
and process control. It is also concerned with the correctness of measurement.
In order to test whether functioning of the elements constituting the
product/system meets the design expectation, and to finally assess the
functioning of the whole system, measurements are inevitable.
This course is intended for any engineer involved in measurements, which may
be in manufacturing and process control, in development, troubleshooting, or
research.
Specialist knowledge is not a prerequisite, and should gain insight into the
equipment and methods commonly used, and develop a healthy skepticism
about instrument readings.
The basic message of the course is that while an instrument may in itself be
highly accurate, the way in which it is applied can render the results highly
inaccurate.
The aim is to help the engineer avoid, or at least minimize, these inaccuracies.
Many of the commonly used measurement methods are described, together
with their pitfalls and problems, interspersed with practical examples.
Metrology
Metrology helps extract high-quality information regarding the completion of
products, working condition, and status of processes in an operational and
industrial environment.
The quality of the products influences various production attributes such as
continuity, production volume and costs, productivity, reliability, and efficiency
of these products with respect to their application or their consumption in a
diverse manner.
Metrology is an indispensable part of the modern day infrastructure. In fact, it
plays an important role in our lives, either directly or indirectly, in various ways.
In this competitive world, economic success of most of the manufacturing
industries critically depends on the quality and reliability of the products
manufactured-requirements in which measurement plays a key role.
Objectives of Metrology and Measurements
The objectives of metrology and measurements include the following:
To ascertain that the newly developed components are comprehensively evaluated and
designed within the process, and that facilities possessing measuring capabilities are available
in the plant.
To ensure uniformity of measurements.
To carry out process capability studies to achieve better component tolerances.
To assess the adequacy of measuring instrument capabilities to carry out their respective
measurements.
To ensure cost-effective inspection and optimal use of available facilities.
To adopt quality control techniques to minimize scrap rate and rework.
To establish inspection procedures from the design stage itself, so that the measuring
methods are standardized.
To calibrate measuring instruments regularly in order to maintain accuracy in measurement.
To resolve the measurement problems that might arise in the shop floor.
10.To design gauges and special fixtures required to carry out inspection.
- To investigate and eliminate different sources of measuring errors.
Terminology
Traceability :The process of validation of the measurements to ascertain whether the given physical quantity conforms to the original/national standard of measurement.Calibration Calibration is a means of achieving traceability.
Scale factor:If the instrument has an arbitrary scale, the indication has to be multiplied by a factor to obtain the nominal value of the quantity measured.
Static calibration:If the values of the variable involved remain constant (not time dependent)while calibrating a given instrument.If the value is time dependent or time-based information is required.
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