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What are the general rules to be followed in the design of ducts?
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  1. Air should be conveyed as directly as possible to save space, power and material.
    1. Sudden changes in directions should be avoided. when not possible to avoid sudden changes, turning vanes should be used to reduce pressure loss.
    2. Diverging sections should be gradual. Angle of divergence <= 20 degree.
    3. Aspect ratio should be as close to 1.0 as possible. Normally, it should not exceed 4.
    4. Air velocities should be within permissible limits to reduce noise and vibration.
    5. Duct material should be as smooth as possible to reduce frictional losses.
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