Process of designing and maintaining the environment in which individual working together in a group, efficiently accomplishes the selected aim.

Management applies to any kind of organization. Managers carry out the managerial functions of Planning, Organizing, Staffing, leading and controlling.

Planning:

• It involves setting aim and objective and future course of action to achieve them.
• It involves decision making i.e. choosing future course of action from alternatives.
• Finally plan which is best suited for particular project from point of view of all resources is imposed on the project.

Organizing:

• People working together in a group to achieve some goal must have some role to play.
• Tasks necessary to accomplish the goals are assigned and assigned to the people who can do it the best.
• Purpose of organization structure is to create an environment which suits the human performance.

Staffing:

• It involves filling and keeping positions filled in organization structure.
• It is done by identifying work force requirement. It is done by recruiting, selecting, placing, promoting, appraising and training people.
• It can also be done by developing current candidates or job holders so as to accomplish tasks effectively and efficiently.

Leading:

• It involves influencing people so that they will contribute to organizational goals.
• Since leadership implies followership; People tend to follow those who offer the means of satisfying their own needs wishes and desires etc.
• Essence of leading is in motivating people, approach and communication.
• This also deals with training sub-ordinates, supervising their work and appreciating their efforts.

Controlling:

• Controlling is measuring and correcting the individual and organizational performance to ensure that events conforms to plan.
• It involves measuring performance against goals and plans, showing where deviation from standards exists and helping to correct them.
• In short controlling facilitates the accomplishment of plan.

Co-ordination:

• Some authorities consider co-ordination to be separate function of manager. Each of the managerial function is an exercise contributing to co-ordination.
• It is thus becomes the central task of the manager to reconcile the differences in approach, timing, interests and to harmonize the individual efforts to accomplish the organizational objectives.