written 7.7 years ago by | • modified 7.7 years ago |
Mumbai University > information technology > sem 4> Web Programming
Marks: 10M
Year : May16
written 7.7 years ago by | • modified 7.7 years ago |
Mumbai University > information technology > sem 4> Web Programming
Marks: 10M
Year : May16
written 7.7 years ago by |
Displaying XML with XSLT:
XSLT (eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations) is the recommended style sheet language for XML.
XSLT is far more sophisticated than CSS. With XSLT you can add/remove elements and attributes to or from the output file. You can also rearrange and sort elements, perform tests and make decisions about which elements to hide and display, and a lot more.
XSLT uses XPath to find information in an XML document.
XSLT Example
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<breakfast_menu>
<food>
<name>Belgian Waffles</name>
<price>$5.95\lt/price\gt
\ltdescription\gtTwo of our famous Belgian Waffles with plenty of real maple syrup\lt/description\gt
\ltcalories\gt650\lt/calories\gt
\lt/food\gt
\ltfood\gt
\ltname\gtStrawberry Belgian Waffles\lt/name\gt
\ltprice\gt$7.95</price>
<description>Light Belgian waffles covered with strawberries and whipped cream</description>
<calories>900</calories>
</food>
<food>
<name>Berry-Berry Belgian Waffles</name>
<price>$8.95\lt/price\gt
\ltdescription\gtLight Belgian waffles covered with an assortment of fresh berries and whipped cream\lt/description\gt
\ltcalories\gt900\lt/calories\gt
\lt/food\gt
\ltfood\gt
\ltname\gtFrench Toast\lt/name\gt
\ltprice\gt$4.50</price>
<description>Thick slices made from our homemade sourdough bread</description>
<calories>600</calories>
</food>
<food>
<name>Homestyle Breakfast</name>
<price>$6.95</price>
<description>Two eggs, bacon or sausage, toast, and our ever-popular hash browns</description>
<calories>950</calories>
</food>
</breakfast_menu>
Use XSLT to transform XML into HTML, before it is displayed in a browser:
Example XSLT Stylesheet:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<html xsl:version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="https://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<body style="font-family:Arial;font-size:12pt;background-color:#EEEEEE">
<xsl:for-each select="breakfast_menu/food">
<div style="background-color:teal;color:white;padding:4px">
<span style="font-weight:bold"><xsl:value-of select="name"/> - </span>
<xsl:value-of select="price"/>
</div>
<div style="margin-left:20px;margin-bottom:1em;font-size:10pt">
<p>
<xsl:value-of select="description"/>
<span style="font-style:italic"> (<xsl:value-of select="calories"/> calories per serving)</span>
</p>
</div>
</xsl:for-each>
</body>
</html>
Transform the XML Document with XSLT
XPath:
XPath is a major element in the XSLT standard.
XPath can be used to navigate through elements and attributes in an XML document.
XPath is a syntax for defining parts of an XML document
XPath uses path expressions to navigate in XML documents
XPath contains a library of standard functions
XPath is a major element in XSLT and in XQuery
XPath is a W3C recommendation
XPath uses path expressions to select nodes or node-sets in an XML document. These path expressions look very much like the expressions you see when you work with a traditional computer file system.
XPath expressions can be used in JavaScript, Java, XML Schema, PHP, Python, C and C++, and lots of other languages.
XPath is a major element in the XSLT standard.
With XPath knowledge you will be able to take great advantage of XSL.
XPath Example
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<bookstore>
<book category="cooking">
<title lang="en">Everyday Italian</title>
<author>Giada De Laurentiis</author>
<year>2005</year>
<price>30.00</price>
</book>
<book category="children">
<title lang="en">Harry Potter</title>
<author>J K. Rowling</author>
<year>2005</year>
<price>29.99</price>
</book>
<book category="web">
<title lang="en">XQuery Kick Start</title>
<author>James McGovern</author>
<author>Per Bothner</author>
<author>Kurt Cagle</author>
<author>James Linn</author>
<author>Vaidyanathan Nagarajan</author>
<year>2003</year>
<price>49.99</price>
</book>
<book category="web">
<title lang="en">Learning XML</title>
<author>Erik T. Ray</author>
<year>2003</year>
<price>39.95</price>
</book>
</bookstore>
In the table below we have listed some XPath expressions and the result of the expressions:
XPath Expression | Result |
---|---|
/bookstore/book[1] | Selects the first book element that is the child of the bookstore element |
/bookstore/book[last()] | Selects the last book element that is the child of the bookstore element |
/bookstore/book[last()-1] | Selects the last but one book element that is the child of the bookstore element |
/bookstore/book[position()<3] | Selects the first two book elements that are children of the bookstore element |
//title[@lang] | Selects all the title elements that have an attribute named lang |
//title[@lang='en'] | Selects all the title elements that have a "lang" attribute with a value of "en" |
/bookstore/book[price>35.00] | Selects all the book elements of the bookstore element that have a price element with a value greater than 35.00 |
/bookstore/book[price>35.00]/title | Selects all the title elements of the book elements of the bookstore element that have a price element with a value greater than 35.00 |