0
2.7kviews
Explain the following (i) Shot noise (ii) Equivalent Noise temperature.

Subject : Principles Of Communication

Topic: Fourier Transform and Noise

Difficulty: Medium

1 Answer
0
18views

Shot noise:

  • The shot noise is produced due to shot effect.

  • Due to the shot effect, shot noise is produced in all the amplifying devices rather in all the active devices.

  • The shot noise is produced due to the random variations in the arrival of electrons (holes) at the output electrode of an amplifying device.

  • Therefore it appears as a randomly varying noise current superimposed on the output.

  • The exact formula for the shot noise can be obtained only for diodes. The mean square shot noise current for a diode is given as

    In2 = 2(I+2I0) q B amperes2

Where I = direct current across the junction

I0= reverse saturation current

q = electron charge

B = effective noise bandwidth in Hz.

Equivalent Noise temperature:

  • The equivalent noise temperature of a system is defined as the temperature at which the noisy resistor has to be maintained so that by connecting this resistor to the input of a noiseless version of the system; it will produce the same amount of noise power at the system output as that produced by the actual system.

  • The equivalent noise temperature is used in dealing with the UHF and microwave low noise antennas, receivers or devices.

  • Equivalent Noise temperature Teq at Amplifier Input:

The noise at the input of the amplifier input is given as follows:

Pna = (F-1) k To B

This is the noise contributed by the amplifier. This noise power can be alternatively represented by some fictitious temperature Teq such that,

k Teq B= (F-1) k To B

Thus the equivalent noise temperature of the amplifier is given by,

Teq = (F-1) To

Please log in to add an answer.