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Derive expression for overall voltage gain, Zi and Zo for two stage (CS-CS) amplifier.
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Figure 1 : Circuit Diagram of CS-CS Amplifier

At mid frequency all connected capacitors acts as short circuit. Hence AC equivalent using JFET becomes,

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Figure 2 : AC equivalent circuit

Av (Voltage Gain) :

Av2 = VoVo1

Vo= Io Rd2 …..(1)

Io= gmVgs2×rdrd+Rd2 ……..(2) by CDR

Substitute equation (2) in (1),

Vo= gmVgs2×rd×Rd2rd+Rd2

Vo = - gm Vgs2 (rd || Rd2)

Since Vgs2 and Vo1 are in parallel. Hence, Vo1=Vgs2

Vo = - gm Vo1 (rd || Rd2)

Av2= VoVo1 = - gm (rd||Rd2)

Av1 is obtained by considering following circuit,

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Figure 3 : Part of AC equivalent Circuit

Vo1 = Io1×Rg2

But,

Io1=" gmVgs1×(Rd1||rd)(Rd1||rd)+Rg2 By CDR

Vo1=gmVgs1×(Rd1||rd)×Rg2(Rd1||rd)+Rg2

Vo1 = -gmVgs1×(Rd1||rd||Rg2)

But Vgs1 & Vin are in parallel, hence Vgs1=Vin

Av1=Vo1Vin = -gm(Rd1 || rd || Rg2)

Multiply Av1 & Av2 to obtain Av,

AV = Av1×Av2

Zi (Input Resistance) :

Zi = Rg1

Zo (Output Resistance) :

Zo can be obtained using following steps

  1. Set Vin=0.
  2. Open load resistance.
  3. Connect and imaginary voltage source Vo that delivers current Io.

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Figure 4 : AC equivalent for Zo

Vo = Io(Rd2||rd)

VoIo = Zo= (Rd2|| rd)

Zo= (Rd2|| rd)

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