written 7.8 years ago by | modified 2.8 years ago by |
Mumbai University > Mechanical Engineering > Sem 7 > Production planning and control
Marks: 10M
Year: May 2016
written 7.8 years ago by | modified 2.8 years ago by |
Mumbai University > Mechanical Engineering > Sem 7 > Production planning and control
Marks: 10M
Year: May 2016
written 7.8 years ago by |
The various different activities carried out mainly focuses on the production and planning functions. There must be proper planning for any Product to be accomplished and also a control must be exerted on these activities, so that effective work can be carried out, maximum utilization of resources must take place such that there is no wastage during production. The products undertaken must fulfill the requirements of the company. It must also have a higher scope for further development which would control the functioning of company effectively
Job Production:
Under this method peculiar, special or non-standardized products are produced in accordance with the orders received from the customers. As each product is non- standardized varying in size and nature, it requires separate job for production. The machines and equipment’s are adjusted in such a manner so as to suit the requirements of a particular job.
Job production involves intermittent process as the work is carried as and when the order is received. It consists of bringing together of material, parts and components in order to assemble and commission a single piece of equipment or product.
Ship building, dam construction, bridge building, book printing are some of the examples of job production. Third method of plant layout viz., Stationery Material Layout is suitable for job production.
Characteristics:
Limitations:
Batch production:
Batch production pertains to repetitive production. It refers to the production of goods, the quantity of which is known in advance. It is that form of production where identical products are produced in batches on the basis of demand of customers’ or of expected demand for products. This method is generally similar to job production except the quantity of production. Instead of making one single product as in case of job production, a batch or group of products are produced at one time. It should be remembered here that one batch of products may not resemble with the next batch.
Under batch system of production the work is divided into operations and one operation is done at a time. After completing the work on one operation it is passed on to the second operation and so on till the product is completed. Batch production can be explained with the help of an illustration. An enterprise wants to manufacture 20 electric motors.
The work will be divided into different operations. The first operation on all the motors will be completed in the first batch and then it will pass on to the next operation. The second group of operators will complete the second operation before the next and so on. Under job production the same operators will manufacture full machine and not one operation only.
Characteristics:
Continuous Production
Mass or flow production:
This method involves a continuous production of standardized products on a large scale. Under this method, production remains continuous in anticipation of future demand. Standardization is the basis of mass production. Standardized products are produced under this method by using standardized materials and equipment. There is a continuous or uninterrupted flow of production obtained by arranging the machines in a proper sequence of operations. Process layout is best suited method for mass production units. Flow production is the manufacture of a product by a series of operations, each article going on to a succeeding operation as soon as possible. The manufacturing process is broken into separate operations. The product completed at one operation is automatically passed on to the next till its completion. There is no time gap between the work done at one process and the starting at the next. The flow of production is continuous and progressive.
Characteristics:
Suitability of flow/mass production:
Advantages of mass production:
Production in Process Industry
Process Industry Production is relatively simpler Routing is automatic and uniform. Standard processes and standardized equipments are used. As the products are standardized and goods are produced to stock and sell, scheduling is easier. Departmental schedules are derived from master production schedules. Dispatching involves issues of repetitive orders to ensure steady flow of materials through the plant. The main tasks of PPC in process industry are to maintain a continuous and uniform flow of work at the predetermined rate in order to utilize the plant and equipment fully to complete the production in time.
Example of Shop floor plan: