Stainless steel is an alloy derived from major three elements such as Iron, Chromium and Carbon. Variety of forms of stainless steel are being manufactured with addition of elements such as Nickel, Molybdenum, Magnesium, Cobalt and Vanadium etc. in order to obtain the required change in its properties for the required specific purposes. It is the most versatile material used in any industry.
Properties of stainless steel
- Excellent resistant to corrosion.
- Alteration in ductility and malleability as required
- Excellent surface finish
- Good walkability, machinability and creep resistance
- Capacity to withstand wide range of temperatures
| Name |
Ferritic |
Martensitic |
Austenitic |
Precipitation Hardening |
| Definition |
Ferritic stainless steel consists of iron-chromium alloys with body-centered cubic crystal structures. |
Martensitic stainless steels, such as types 403, 410, 410NiMo and 420, are similar in composition to the ferrite group, but contain a balance of C and Ni vs. Cr and Mo; |
Austenitic stainless steels are the most weldable of the stainlessness and can be divided rather loosely into three groups: common chromium-nickel (300 series), manganese-chromium-nickel-nitrogen (200 series) and specialty alloys. |
Precipitation-hardening stainless steels are chromium-nickel stainlesses, which contain alloying additions such as aluminum, copper or titanium that allow them to be hardened by a solution and aging heat treatment. They can be either austenitic or martensitic in the aged condition |
| Composition |
Cr-12-30%,c-.08-.2% |
Cr-12-18%,c-.1-1.2% |
Cr-16-24%,c-.2%,Ni-7-8% |
Varying depending on subtypes |
| Properties |
good ductility and formability, high temperature strengths are relatively poor |
forming and welding, prevent cracking at preheating and high temperatures |
most weldable, prone to sensitization of the weld heat-affected zone and weld metal hot cracking |
Properties are altered as required, high strength at room temperature above 540C |
| Application and uses |
mufflers, exhaust systems, kitchen counters and sinks |
Table cutlery tools and equipment, springs, ball bearings and valves etc. |
Consumer applications, such as in chemical plants, power plants, food processing and dairy equipment. |
Application in aircraft, missiles industries and material for skin, nibs bulkheads and other structural components |
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