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Define Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) with diagram.
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Solution:

One of the biggest problems in WDM systems is called “Four-Wave Mixing” (FWM).

Illustrated in Figure, FWM occurs when two or more waves propagate in the the same direction in the same (single-mode) fiber.

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The signals mix to produce new signals at wavelengths that are spaced at the same …

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