ABS is a technology which allows the driver to steer the vehicle while breaking heavily thereby saving life and providing better control of vehicle.
When brakes are applied a hydraulic system is pressurized which causes the brake pads to squeeze against the discs and cause braking action.
If the ABS Control Unit (B) detects locking of a wheel (due to low traction surface such as ice) through its wheel speed sensor (A), it signals the Hydraulic Unit (C) to release the brake pressure slightly.
This lowers the pressure in brake pipe (D) causing the brake caliper to loosen the grip on brake disc of the locking wheel.
If this rectifies the locked wheel condition, pressure is again built up to the optimum braking force by Hydraulic unit C.